Nuclear disputes, sanctions relief, regional security and mutual distrust remain major hurdles ahead of Switzerland talks.
Image: Republic World
US and Iranian negotiators are set to meet in Switzerland on Friday to sign a memorandum of understanding, but significant challenges remain that could prevent a final peace agreement within the proposed 60-day window.
One of the biggest sticking points is Iran’s nuclear programme, particularly the handling of its near-weapons-grade uranium stockpile. While Iran has reiterated it will not pursue nuclear weapons, disagreements persist over whether enriched material should be removed, destroyed, or diluted, as well as the scale of future uranium enrichment.
The reopening of the Strait of Hormuz also presents complications, with unresolved questions over its long-term management and shipping rights despite plans for immediate access under the current framework.
Sanctions relief remains another major hurdle, as Iran demands rapid easing of restrictions and access to frozen assets, while the United States favours a phased approach tied to compliance.
Regional dynamics, including the risk of escalation involving Israel and Iran-aligned groups, could further disrupt progress if hostilities resume in parallel conflict zones.
Negotiators also face challenges stemming from differing diplomatic styles and deep mutual distrust, with concerns that limited technical preparation and political pressure on both sides could slow or derail talks.
Analysts warn that while the memorandum represents a significant step forward, unresolved core disputes mean a comprehensive settlement is far from guaranteed.
